Your Basal Metabolic Rate is the energy your body spends keeping you alive at complete rest — breathing, circulation, brain and organ function, and nothing else. It is the floor every eating plan is built on top of.
This uses the Mifflin–St Jeor equation: ten times your weight in kilograms, plus 6.25 times your height in centimetres, minus five times your age, then plus 5 for men or minus 161 for women. It is the more accurate of the two common formulas against modern populations, which is why it is used here rather than Harris–Benedict.
This is a population-level estimate, not a measurement. Real resting metabolism varies with body composition, hormones and genetics; treat the number as a starting point and adjust from what actually happens.